{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:55:18Z","timestamp":1787064918989,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001858","name":"VINNOVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\u201002393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u201002393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007212","name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HS 2017\u201000497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HS 2017\u201000497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007212","name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6talandsregionen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS 2016\u201004238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2016\u201004238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>New psychoactive substances (NPS) are health\u2010hazardous through unpredictable toxicity and effects and largely unknown epidemiology, motivating studies of the latter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Up to 138 NPS were retrospectively identified using liquid chromatography\u2010high resolution mass spectrometry data from all 34\u2009183 oral fluid drug samples collected in one Swedish health care region 2019\u20132020 representing 9468 psychiatric and addiction care patients. In total, 618 findings representing 58 NPS were detected in 481 samples from 201 patients. Male gender and age \u226525\u2009years correlated positively with NPS use. Ketamine correlated positively with all NPS classes except cannabinoids; additionally, fentanyl, methadone, tapentadol and clonazepam correlated with multiple NPS classes. More numerous traditional drugs of abuse (DoA) correlated positively with sedative\/hypnotic NPS, indicating that these are used in broader patient groups than other NPS. Mitragynine correlated negatively with other NPS in general and with several traditional DoA, but positively with the potential opioid abstinence remedies buprenorphine, loperamide and tapentadol aside from ketamine. In conclusion, NPS use is infrequent but occur also at higher ages, certain traditional DoA and particularly ketamine could have clinical value as NPS use signals, and mitragynine exhibited an atypical NPS consumption pattern indicating significant use as an opioid abstinence remedy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.14117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:44:43Z","timestamp":1736815483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epidemiology of New Psychoactive Substances in Relation to Traditional Drugs of Abuse in Clinical Oral Fluid Samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus\u00a0A.\u00a0B.","family":"Axelsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0786-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"L\u00f6vgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry Sunderby Hospital  Lule\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4222-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Kronstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology National Board of Forensic Medicine  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8015-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology National Board of Forensic Medicine  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6712-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moa\u00a0Andresen","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"New psychoactive substances (NPS). Overview","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32231-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320967197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Postmortem and Toxicological Findings in a Series of Furanylfentanyl\u2010Related Deaths","volume":"41","author":"Guerrieri D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Analytical Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S312227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","article-title":"Old Drugs and New Challenges: A Narrative Review of Nitazenes","volume":"15","author":"Pergolizzi J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13786"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03224-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.868532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13944"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612828666220517160545"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015716"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01495"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120904951"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2137524"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108962"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2021.111148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","volume-title":"ESPAD Report 2019 \u2014 Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","volume-title":"Statistical Database, Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091217420960619"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8040073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2022.2111685"}],"container-title":["Basic &amp; Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcpt.14117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T22:58:08Z","timestamp":1744066688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcpt.14117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcpt.14117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.14117","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7835","1742-7843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7835","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-7843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14117"}}