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The study was initiated using Wistar albino male rats on their postnatal 21st day, a critical developmental stage for endocrine regulation. Nonylphenol was administered via oral gavage at doses of 5, 25 and 125\u2009mg\/kg\/day, while bisphenol\u2010A was given at 50\u2009mg\/kg\/day as a positive control. At the end of the treatment period, liver, kidney, pituitary, pineal and adrenal tissues were examined histopathologically. Hormone levels were analysed in serum samples. Significant changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone, melatonin and aldosterone levels were detected in hormone analyses. In contrast, no differences in corticosterone and glucose levels were detected. Histopathological findings showed structural changes in tissues. The effects of nonylphenol on the pituitary\u2013adrenal axis and melatonin vary depending on the experimental protocols employed. However, it is clear that nonylphenol and bisphenol A have negative effects on the pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, pineal gland, liver and kidney. In conclusion, future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and developing environmentally friendly strategies to eliminate nonylphenol and bisphenol\u2010A contamination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T11:14:56Z","timestamp":1738322096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>In Vivo<\/i> Investigation of the Effects of Nonylphenol on the Pituitary\u2013Adrenal Axis and Pineal Gland in Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-1537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.\u00a0N.","family":"\u0130nkaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Hacettepe University  Ankara 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