{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:51:27Z","timestamp":1788922287182,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007137","name":"Helse Nord RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HNF1610\u201021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNF1610\u201021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the overall trends in postoperative opioid use in a Nordic setting. We investigated the trends in Norway between 2011 and 2018. We linked the Norwegian Prescription Database, the Norwegian Patient Registry, the Cancer Registry of Norway and the Cause of Death Registry. Postoperative opioid use was defined as the first opioid dispensing per year within 14\u2009days of a NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedure code. We excluded patients with cancer or opioid maintenance therapy. We calculated period prevalence (Norwegian population \u2265 15 years as the denominator), substance distribution, initial amount and proportion of long\u2010acting formulations. Among 746\u2009435 postoperative opioid users \u2265 15 years, the period prevalence increased from 27.0\/1000 in 2011 to 30.0\/1000 in 2018 (long\u2010term use: 2.0 to 3.3\/1000). Codeine was most frequent (67%) in 2011, while codeine and tramadol were equally dispensed (41% and 43%) in 2018; oxycodone increased from 3% to 12%. The initial amount increased for opioids as a group but declined for oxycodone (1236\u2009morphine milligram equivalents [MME]\/patient to 914 MME\/patient) and tramadol (233 MME\/patient to 219 MME\/patient). Long\u2010acting depot formulations increased from 5% to 12%. Over time, postoperative opioid use increased, with a shift toward more tramadol and oxycodone in lower initial amounts, and increased use of long\u2010acting formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:24:42Z","timestamp":1745799882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trends in Postoperative Opioid Use in Norway 2011\u20132018: A Nationwide Registry\u2010Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7484-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per\u2010Jostein","family":"Samuelsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medicines Information and Pharmacovigilance Centre (RELIS) University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidar","family":"Hjellvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvild","family":"Odsbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audun","family":"Stubhaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Management and Research Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Skurtveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara\u00a0Magelssen","family":"Vambheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Management and Research Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Approach to the Management of Acute Pain in Adults","author":"Mariano E. 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