{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:38:37Z","timestamp":1773801517110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1052\u201000035B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1052\u201000035B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The type of prescriber typically fulfils the criteria for confounding, as it is associated both with the exposure (e.g., prescriber types may differ in their choice of first\u2010line treatment) and with the outcome (as different types of prescribers often treat patients with different disease severity). Additionally, the type of prescriber may correlate with other factors such as treatment adherence, surveillance or coding practices. Although information on the type of prescriber is often available in healthcare registries, it is very rarely employed to control for confounding in pharmacoepidemiological analyses. Here, we argue the potential value in adjusting for the prescriber type in pharmacoepidemiological studies. In an applied example, we conducted a cohort study using Danish healthcare registers of the risk of ischemic stroke associated with the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to warfarin. We found a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90\u20131.01) for DOACs versus warfarin when adjusting only for age and sex. Further adjustment for prescriber type showed an effect of similar magnitude (HR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87\u20130.98). However, interaction testing and stratified analyses confirmed prescriber type as an effect modifier. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of adjusting for prescriber type across other use cases and healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T09:52:58Z","timestamp":1759571578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adjustment for \u2018Prescriber Type\u2019 in Pharmacoepidemiological Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad\u00a0Hanif","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8097-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter\u00a0Bj\u00f8dstrup","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Al\u2010Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000315883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2022.100136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2006.12.8.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200109000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Healthcare in Denmark: An Overview","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2012.02.110216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12610"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Branded vs. Generic Versions of Antihypertensive, Lipid\u2010Lowering and Hypoglycemic Substances: A Population\u2010Wide Cohort Study","volume":"10","author":"Tian Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2015-000279"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000665"},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"2214","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration With the European Association for Cardio\u2010Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed by the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), With the Special Contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO)","volume":"45","author":"Gelder I. 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