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This study evaluates the antispastic effects of combining the ROCK inhibitor fasudil and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on the human internal mammary artery (IMA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IMA rings (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009208) from 94 CABG patients were investigated in a myograph. Relaxation to fasudil (\u22123.5 log M), ISDN (\u22124 log M) and their combination (FI solution) was assessed after precontraction with potassium chloride (KCl 30\u2009mM) or U46619 (10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009M). The preventive effects of FI solution on the contraction induced by KCl or U46619 were studied. ROCK2 protein and cGMP levels were measured using Western blot and ELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FI solution demonstrated superior relaxation compared to either drug alone against KCl or U46619 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Pretreatment with FI inhibited the contraction by KCl and U46619, significantly higher than that with either drug alone (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). FI also reduced ROCK2 expression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001) and elevated cGMP levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of fasudil and ISDN effectively prevents and relieves IMA vasospasm mediated by both voltage\u2010operated and receptor\u2010operated calcium channels, with a long\u2010lasting vasorelaxing effect. The FI solution offers a novel approach for preventing and relieving IMA spasm in CABG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1764821440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Significant Antispastic Effect of Combined Fasudil and Isosorbide Dinitrate on Internal Mammary Artery in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"You\u2010Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Cardiovascular Surgery &amp; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University &amp; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Tao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Cardiovascular Surgery &amp; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University &amp; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9792-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Cardiovascular Surgery &amp; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University &amp; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo\u2010Wei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department Cardiovascular Surgery &amp; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University &amp; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34072-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(94)70302-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.09.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003\u20104975(99)01341\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc37t1.094930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.102.suppl_3.iii\u2010296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20104975(93)90036\u2010h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001431"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.3.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u201093\u20106\u2010886"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540\u20108191.1987.tb00186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e3282f3420c"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152509789541891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010\u20107940(01)00589\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.11.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102125.1996.tb00166.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"I141","article-title":"Reactivity of Human Isolated Internal Mammary Artery to Constrictor and Dilator Agents. 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