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ESK is considered an effective anesthetic because of its ability to mitigate postoperative pain and opioid use. Recently, it has attracted significant research attention for its fast\u2010acting antidepressant effects. Given the advantages of ESK in both perioperative and postoperative contexts, foundational research into this molecule is progressively moving forward. Accumulating evidence suggests that ESK possesses anti\u2010inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidant characteristics in various diseases. This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of ESK in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. ESK\u2010mediated cellular processes, including neuronal apoptosis, microglial polarization and astrocytic functions, are also summarized. 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