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We aimed to identify and describe medication errors (MEs) reported in patient complaints and compare them with MEs from safety incident reports. This descriptive hospital\u2010based study (1) compared patient complaints with and without MEs using the Health Complaint Analysis Tool (HCAT) and (2) analysed MEs identified in both patient complaints and incident reports using the standard taxonomy of the reporting system. Of 6301 complaints, 310 (4.9%) were related to MEs. Compared with other complaints, ME\u2010related complaints were more often submitted by family members (ratio 1.6), directed towards nursing staff (ratio 2.5), involved ward\u2010based events (ratio 4.3) and occurred during discharge or transfer (ratio 2.9). Following selection and additional deduplication procedures, 202 MEs were identified in patient complaints. Compared with 8364 MEs from safety incident reports, patient complaints revealed higher proportions of antiepileptic and antipsychotic medication (ratio: 1.9), prescribing errors (ratio: 1.5), wrong medicine errors (ratio: 1.6) and errors with severe or fatal outcomes (ratio: 14.6). Patient complaints may uncover unique MEs not captured by traditional reporting systems. They may serve as a valuable complement to safety incident reports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T10:11:17Z","timestamp":1775297477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Medication Errors Through Patient Complaints in a Danish University Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2356-8366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Tchijevitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OPEN\u2014Open Patient data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7857-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPEN\u2014Open Patient data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Mors\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPEN\u2014Open Patient data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6207-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren\u00a0Bie","family":"Bogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPEN\u2014Open Patient data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cWorld Health Organization; [cited 2021 Feb 17] \u201d WHO|The third WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge: Medication Without Harm http:\/\/www.who.int\/patientsafety\/medication\u2010safety\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102073240605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System [Internet]","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11536800\u2010000000000\u201000000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2007.023622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010017\u20102605\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Sundheds\u2010 og \u00c6ldreministeriet \u201cLov om patientsikkerhed i sundhedsv\u00e6senet [Internet] \u201d2003Oct 6 https:\/\/www.retsinformation.dk\/eli\/lta\/2003\/429."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Viden \u201cPatientsikkerhed [Internet]\u201d [cited 2021 Nov 24] https:\/\/patientsikkerhed.dk\/viden\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Andersen \u201cDansk Patientsikkerhedsdatabase \u00c5rsberetning 2024.pdf [Internet] \u201d 2024 [cited 2025 May 14] https:\/\/stps.dk\/Media\/638814438533715726\/Dansk%20Patientsikkerhedsdatabase%20%C3%85rsberetning%202024.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Indenrigs\u2010 og Sundhedsministeriet \u201cBekendtg\u00f8relse af lov om klage\u2010 og erstatningsadgang inden for sundhedsv\u00e6senet [Internet] \u201d 2024 Aug 16 https:\/\/www.retsinformation.dk\/eli\/lta\/2024\/962."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1506137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzaa163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs\u20102020\u2010011593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs\u20102012\u2010001691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjq.2024.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70159"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Adverse Events in Cases of Medical Malpractice","volume":"38","author":"Birkeland S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine and Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Denmark: Health System Review","author":"Birk H. 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