{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:10:34Z","timestamp":1790154634519,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Basic Clin Pharma Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nanoparticles can be categorized as \u2018particulate xenobiotics\u2019 as they are found in living organisms and can interact with the immune system. This study evaluated the potential for immunotoxicity induced by chronic exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles. The work examined specific innate immune cells related to cellular and humoral immunity. Rats were divided into four equal groups: control, rats administered polystyrene nanoparticles at a dose of 10\u2009mg\/kg b. wt. The rat group was given a dose of 20\u2009mg\/kg b. wt. A group was given a dose of 30\u2009mg\/kg b. wt., three times per week, for 3\u2009months. The results of serum IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20102 in exposed groups revealed a significant increase in the release of these proinflammatory substances compared with the control. The data on serum IgG revealed a significant decrease in concentration compared with the control. The immune marker of CD68 showed an increase in the brain, lung and liver. T\u2010lymphocyte markers CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T showed a significant decrease in lymphoid tissues after PNP exposure compared with controls. A progressive multi\u2010organ histopathological alteration across lymphoid organs, including the thymus, spleen, Peyer's patches and bone marrow, was observed. These findings collectively indicate a systemic disruption of immune architecture and function, affecting both central and peripheral immune compartments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:50:13Z","timestamp":1790081413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Potential Immunotoxicity Induced by Long\u2010Term Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University  Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Abd","family":"El\u2010Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University  Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"El Hendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC)  Assiut Assiut Governorate Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eryny","family":"Rady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University  Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno5040052"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2026.102963"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211788"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14161350"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134253"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15050394"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15030075"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2024.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102043"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70159"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114158"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","first-page":"E4121","article-title":"Microplastic Exposure Studies Should Be Environmentally Realistic","volume":"113","author":"Lenz R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00914-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05512"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.12.1120"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.17017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological and Histochemical Techniques","author":"Bancroft J. D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","volume-title":"Carleton's Histological Technique","author":"Carleton H. M.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/tas.2005.s139"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115228"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1609208"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117817"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107899"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12070493"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1746924"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128485"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02735-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23618"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010092"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1092743"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131236"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00423"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64464-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116255"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109375"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-021-09616-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125492"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108951"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2020.1845531"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpr.2023.300708"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","first-page":"2720","article-title":"Interleukin\u20106 Stimulates Thrombopoiesis Through Thrombopoietin: Role in Inflammatory Thrombocytosis","volume":"98","author":"Kaser A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood, the Journal of the American Society of Hematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04945-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","volume-title":"The Changes in the Megakaryocyte Lineage Contribute to MPN Progression: The Immature Niche Megakaryocytes Are Associated With Myelofibrosis","author":"Arciprete F.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2066"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1528502"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11090730"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2391"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08099"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-380113"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.914262"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132717"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Synthesis and Dephosphorylation of MARCKS in the Late Stages of Megakaryocyte Maturation Drive Proplatelet Formation","volume":"127","author":"Machlus K. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood, the Journal of the American Society of Hematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043168"}],"container-title":["Basic &amp; Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcpt.70303","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bcpt.70303","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bcpt.70303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:51:00Z","timestamp":1790153460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bcpt.70303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bcpt.70303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.70303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7835","1742-7843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7835","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-7843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70303"}}