{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:58:50Z","timestamp":1787752730608,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental illness of unknown neuropathology and has several genetic associations. Antipsychotics are effective for the treatment of acute mania, psychosis, or mixed states in individuals with BD. We aimed to identify gene transcripts differentially expressed in postmortem brains from antipsychotics\u2010exposed individuals with BD (hereafter the \u2018exposed\u2019 group), non\u2010exposed individuals with BD (hereafter the \u2018non\u2010exposed\u2019 group), and controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We quantified the abundance of gene transcripts in postmortem brains from seven exposed individuals, seven non\u2010exposed individuals, and 12 controls with the Affymetrix U133P2 GeneChip microarrays and technologies. We applied a <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2010value of \u22640.005 to identify statistically significant transcripts with mean abundance differences between the exposed, non\u2010exposed and control groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We identified 2191 unique genes with significantly altered expression levels in non\u2010exposed brains compared to those in the control and exposed groups. The expression levels of these genes were not significantly different between exposed brains and controls, suggesting a <jats:italic>normalization<\/jats:italic> effect of antipsychotics on the expression of these genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed significant (Bonferroni p\u2003\u2264\u20030.05) clustering of subgroups of the 2191 genes under many GO terms; notably, the protein products of genes enriched are critical to the function of synapses, affecting, for example, intracellular trafficking and synaptic vesicle biogenesis, transport, release and recycling, as well as organization and stabilization of the node of Ranvier.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> These results support a hypothesis of synaptic and intercellular communication impairment in BD. The apparent normalization of expression patterns with exposure to antipsychotic medication may represent a physiological process that relates both to etiology and improvement patterns of the disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T10:04:29Z","timestamp":1359540269000},"page":"177-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Gene expression alterations in bipolar disorder postmortem brains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nulang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher 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