{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:37:48Z","timestamp":1790725068090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>) abnormalities have been implicated in bipolar disorder. However, due to discrepant studies measuring postmortem, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> brain levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>, the nature of these abnormalities is unclear. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated tissue levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content> in the anterior cingulate cortex and parieto\u2010occipital cortex of participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen stably medicated euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder type I (mean age 32.6\u00a0years, eight male) and 14 healthy control participants (mean age 36.9\u00a0years, 10 male) completed a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan at 4\u2010Tesla after providing informed consent. We collected data from two 16.7\u2010mL voxels using MEGAPRESS, and they were analyzed using LCModel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\/creatine ratios were elevated in bipolar disorder participants compared to healthy controls [<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>(1,21)<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a04.4, p\u00a0=\u00a00.048] in the anterior cingulate cortex (25.1% elevation) and the parieto\u2010occipital cortex (14.6% elevation). Bipolar disorder participants not taking <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010modulating medications demonstrated greater <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\/creatine elevations than patients taking <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010modulating medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\/creatine levels in euthymic bipolar disorder outpatients compared to healthy controls, and the extent of this elevation may be affected by the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010modulating medications. Our findings suggest that elevated brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content> levels in bipolar disorder may be associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>ergic dysfunction and that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010modulating medications reduce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content> levels in this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T10:37:12Z","timestamp":1367491032000},"page":"434-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Brain gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (<scp>GABA<\/scp>) abnormalities in bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Roscoe O","family":"Brady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Beth\u2010Israel Deaconess Hospital Salt 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