{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:58:56Z","timestamp":1791071936195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]],"date-time":"2013-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Suicide is a major public health concern as each year 30000 people die by suicide in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      alone. In the teenage population, it is the second leading cause of death. There have been extensive studies of psychosocial factors associated with suicide and suicidal behavior. However, very little is known about the neurobiology of suicide. Recent research has provided some understanding of the neurobiology of suicide, which is the topic of this review.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurobiology of suicide has been studied using peripheral tissues such as platelets, lymphocytes, and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from suicidal patients or from the postmortem brains of suicide victims.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These studies have provided encouraging information with regard to the neurobiology of suicide. They show an abnormality of the serotonergic mechanism, such as increased serotonin receptor subtypes and decreased serotonin metabolites (e.g. 5\u2010hydroxyindoleacetic acid). These studies also suggest abnormalities of receptor\u2010linked signaling mechanisms such as phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase. Other biological systems that appear to be dysregulated in suicide involve the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, and neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors. More recently, several studies have also indicated abnormalities of neuroimmune functions in suicide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some encouraging information emerged from the present review, primarily related to some of the neurobiological mechanisms mentioned above. It is hoped that neurobiological studies may eventually result in the identification of appropriate biomarkers for suicidal behavior as well as appropriate therapeutic targets for its treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]],"date-time":"2013-06-15T01:17:09Z","timestamp":1371259029000},"page":"524-541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Biological basis of suicide and suicidal behavior"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ghanshyam N","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","volume-title":"Web\u2010Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System","author":"CDCPrevention","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"NCfIPaCSitUS","author":"Center for Disease Control","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","volume-title":"Committeeon Pathophysiology and Prevention of Adolescent and Adult Suicide; Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health; Institute of Medicine of the National Academies: Reducing Suicide, A National Imperative","author":"Goldsmith SK","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.8.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.3.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007240"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(89)90001-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790080053007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(85)90044-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070320"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70327-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000995"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Aggression, suicidality, and serotonin","volume":"53","author":"Linnoila VM","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00482-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00040-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-4-200202190-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820060022003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000111539"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.804"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145708009000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","unstructured":"CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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