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Despite advances in knowledge regarding the neural basis of executive functions in healthy subjects, research into morphological abnormalities underlying the deficits in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I within three months of sustained remission from their first manic episode (n\u00a0=\u00a041) underwent neuropsychological testing and a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scan and were compared to healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and premorbid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0=\u00a030). Group dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>; Brodmann areas 9 and 46) and caudate volumes were examined and analyzed for relationships with the average score from three computerized tests of executive function: Spatial Working Memory, Stockings of Cambridge, and Intradimensional\/Extradimensional Shift.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Right caudate volumes were enlarged in patients (<jats:italic>z\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>3.57, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 corrected). No differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content> volumes were found. Patients showed large deficits in executive function relative to healthy subjects (<jats:italic>d\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.92, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). While in healthy subjects, a larger right (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = +0.39, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and left (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = +0.44, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) caudate was associated with better executive function score, in patients, larger right (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.36, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and left (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.34, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) volumes correlated with poorer performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the etiology of gray matter changes is unknown, volume increases in the right caudate may be an important factor underlying executive function impairments during remission in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T09:42:21Z","timestamp":1375782141000},"page":"657-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Relationship between frontostriatal morphology and executive function deficits in bipolar I disorder following a first manic episode: data from the Systematic Treatment Optimization Program for Early Mania (<scp>STOP<\/scp>\u2010<scp>EM<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jan\u2010Marie","family":"Kozicky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Hyon","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"Department of 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