{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:42:25Z","timestamp":1791200545087,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,18]],"date-time":"2013-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased rates of infection with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>oxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> have been found in individuals with schizophrenia as compared to control groups but this issue has not been studied in mania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM class antibodies to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> in 57 individuals with mania who were assessed at up to three time\u2010points. We also measured these antibodies in 743 individuals in other psychiatric groups and in 314 non\u2010psychiatric controls. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> antibody levels were compared among groups by multivariate analyses. IgG class and IgM class antibodies to cytomegalovirus were also measured in the same samples. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> antibody levels were also compared over time in the mania group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mania group had a significantly elevated level of IgM antibodies to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> as compared to the control individuals without a psychiatric diagnosis [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a02.33, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.04 at hospital admission; and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.32, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.02 at study entry during the hospital stay]. Elevated IgM class antibodies to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> were not found in individuals with the other psychiatric diagnoses. We also did not find an increased level of IgG class antibodies to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> or IgG or IgM class antibodies to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> in the individuals with mania. Within the mania group, there was a significant difference between the prevalences of increased levels of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> IgM at the baseline and the follow\u2010up time\u2010point (<jats:italic>t\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>2.97, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> may confer risk for mania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T14:13:18Z","timestamp":1381241598000},"page":"129-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Antibodies to <i><scp>T<\/scp>oxoplasma gondii<\/i> in individuals with 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