{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:05:32Z","timestamp":1791986732441,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to investigate the reproductive function of women with bipolar disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>) compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> and healthy controls with no psychiatric history, aged 18\u201345\u00a0years, were recruited from a university clinic and surrounding community. Participants completed a baseline reproductive health questionnaire, serum hormone assessment, and ovulation tracking for three consecutive cycles using urine luteinizing hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010detecting strips with a confirmatory luteal\u2010phase serum progesterone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0=\u00a0103) did not differ from controls (n\u00a0=\u00a036) in demographics, rates of menstrual abnormalities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content>s), or number of ovulation\u2010positive cycles. Of the women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>, 17% reported a current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content> and 39% reported a past <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content>. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17\u2010hydroxyprogesterone levels were higher in controls (p\u00a0=\u00a00.052 and 0.004, respectively), but there were no other differences in biochemical levels. Medication type, dose, or duration was not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content> or biochemical markers, although those currently taking an atypical antipsychotic agent indicated a greater rate of current or past <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content> (80% versus 55%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.013). In women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>, 22% reported a period of amenorrhea associated with exercising or stress, versus 8% of controls (p\u00a0=\u00a00.064). Self\u2010reported rates of bulimia and anorexia nervosa were 10% and 5%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content> and biochemical levels did not significantly differ between women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> and controls. Current atypical antipsychotic agent use was associated with a higher rate of current or past <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content> and should be further investigated. The incidence of stress\u2010induced amenorrhea should be further investigated in this population, as should the comorbid incidence of eating disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T09:51:49Z","timestamp":1385113909000},"page":"37-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of reproductive function in women treated for bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Margaret F","family":"Reynolds\u2010May","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather A","family":"Kenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women's Health Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford 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