{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:33:44Z","timestamp":1777538024559,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although cognitive deficits are observed in the early stages of bipolar disorder, the longitudinal course of neuropsychological functioning during this period is unknown. Such knowledge could provide etiologic clues into the cognitive deficits associated with the illness, and could inform early treatment interventions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cognitive change in bipolar disorder in the first year after the initial manic episode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From an initial pool of 65 newly diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder (within three months of the end of the first manic or mixed episode) and 36 demographically similar healthy participants, 42 patients [mean age 22.9\u00a0years, standard deviation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a04.0] and 23 healthy participants [mean age 22.9\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a04.9)] completed baseline, six\u2010month, and one\u2010year neuropsychological assessments of multiple domains including processing speed, attention, verbal and nonverbal memory, working memory, and executive function. Patients also received clinical assessments, including mood ratings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although patients showed consistently poorer cognitive performance than healthy individuals in most cognitive domains, patients showed a linear improvement over time in processing speed (p\u00a0=\u00a00.008) and executive function (p\u00a0=\u00a00.004) relative to the comparison group. Among patients, those without a history of alcohol\/substance abuse or who were taken off an antipsychotic treatment during the study showed better improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The early course of cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder is likely influenced by multiple factors. Nevertheless, patients with bipolar disorder showed select cognitive improvements in the first year after resolution of their initial manic episode. Several clinical variables were associated with better recovery, including absence of substance abuse and discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment during the study. These and other factors require further investigation to better understand their contributions to longitudinal cognitive functioning in early bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T11:21:22Z","timestamp":1385378482000},"page":"159-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["12\u2010month longitudinal cognitive functioning in patients recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ivan J","family":"Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Mental Health and Addictions Services Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kozicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swetha","family":"Popuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G","family":"Honer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Mental Health and Addictions Services Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond W","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi N","family":"Yatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04997yel"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2010.01601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09010118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9197-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9182-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400208"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The mini\u2010international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM\u2010IV and ICD\u201010","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan DV","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"266","article-title":"Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB): a factor analytic study of a large sample of normal elderly volunteers","volume":"5","author":"Robbins TW","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"The Halstead\u2010Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery","author":"Reitan RM","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak MD","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","volume-title":"A Manual for the Adult Stroop Color and Word Test","author":"Golden CJ","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.4.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume-title":"California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition, Adult Version","author":"Delis DC","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617798455073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","volume-title":"The Wechsler Memory Scale\u2013III manual","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","volume-title":"A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary","author":"Strauss E","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/026151003321164627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","volume-title":"Delis\u2013Kaplan Executive Function System","author":"Delis DC","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.20.2.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00672.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","volume-title":"Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Manual","author":"Kaufman AS","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854048908403285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","volume-title":"Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling with IBM SPSS: Quantitative Methodology Series","author":"Heck RH","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0209-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181b7f0e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2008.00591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/949248"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00665.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32834e3bea"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Comparative neurocognitive effects of 5 psychotropic anticonvulsants and lithium","volume":"8","author":"Gualtieri CT","year":"2006","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08r04972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.12.1322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001595"}],"container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbdi.12154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bdi.12154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T13:24:44Z","timestamp":1696339484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bdi.12154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bdi.12154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bdi.12154","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-5647","1399-5618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-5647","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-5618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]}}}