{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:32:05Z","timestamp":1791196325869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,6]],"date-time":"2013-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune sensitivity to wheat glutens and bovine milk caseins may affect a subset of individuals with bipolar disorder. Digested byproducts of these foods are exorphins that have the potential to impact brain physiology through action at opioid receptors. Inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract might accelerate exposure of food antigens to systemic circulation and help explain elevated gluten and casein antibody levels in individuals with bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured a marker of GI inflammation, anti\u2010<jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic> antibodies (ASCA), in non\u2010psychiatric controls (n\u00a0=\u00a0207), in patients with bipolar disorder without a recent onset of psychosis (n\u00a0=\u00a0226), and in patients with bipolar disorder with a recent onset of psychosis (n\u00a0=\u00a038). We compared ASCA levels to antibodies against gluten, casein, Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV\u20101), influenza A, influenza B, measles, and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated ASCA conferred a 3.5\u20134.4\u2010fold increased odds ratio of disease association (age\u2010, race\u2010, and gender\u2010corrected multinomial logistic regressions, p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.00001) that was independent of type of medication received. ASCA correlated with food antibodies in both bipolar disorder groups (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.29\u20130.59, p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0005), and with measles and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the recent onset psychosis bipolar disorder group (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.31\u20130.36, p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.004\u20130.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated seropositivity of a GI\u2010related marker and its association with antibodies to food\u2010derived proteins and self\u2010reported GI symptoms suggest a GI comorbidity in at least a subgroup of individuals with bipolar disorder. Marker seroreactivity may also represent part of an overall heightened activated immune state inherent to this mood disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,7]],"date-time":"2013-12-07T04:42:59Z","timestamp":1386391379000},"page":"230-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Seroreactive marker for inflammatory bowel disease and associations with antibodies to dietary proteins in bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Emily G","family":"Severance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin L","family":"Gressitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuojia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassie R","family":"Stallings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Research Program Sheppard Pratt Health System Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea E","family":"Origoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Research Program Sheppard Pratt Health System Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Research Program Sheppard Pratt Health System Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Khushalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Research Program Sheppard Pratt Health System Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Alaedini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith B","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Research Program Sheppard Pratt Health System Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H","family":"Yolken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11081197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Gluten\u2010 and casein\u2010free dietary intervention for autism spectrum conditions","volume":"6","author":"Whiteley P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1966.tb01920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/18.1.7","article-title":"Wheat \u201cconsumption\u201d and hospital admissions for schizophrenia during World War II. 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