{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T16:27:17Z","timestamp":1782750437664,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,23]],"date-time":"2013-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bipolar disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>) has been associated with increased aggressive behaviors. However, all existing studies are cross\u2010sectional and include forensic or inpatient populations and many do not take into account the effects of comorbid conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal course of aggression among adult outpatients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> compared with non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> patients and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects with bipolar I disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I)\/bipolar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) (n\u00a0=\u00a0255), those with non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> psychopathology (n\u00a0=\u00a085), and healthy controls (n\u00a0=\u00a084) (average 38.9\u00a0years, 78.7% female, and 84.9% Caucasian) were evaluated at intake and after two and four years of follow\u2010up. Aggression was self\u2010rated using the Aggression Questionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQ<\/jats:styled-content>). Comparisons were adjusted for any significant demographic and clinical differences and for multiple comparisons. For subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>, associations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQ<\/jats:styled-content> with subtype of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>, current versus past mood episodes, polarity and severity of the current episode, psychosis, and current pharmacological treatment were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison with subjects with non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> psychiatric disorders and healthy controls, subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> showed persistently higher total and subscale <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQ<\/jats:styled-content> scores (raw and T\u2010scores) during the four\u2010year follow\u2010up. There were no effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> subtype, severity or polarity of the current episode, psychosis, and current pharmacological treatments. Subjects in an acute mood episode showed significantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQ<\/jats:styled-content> scores than euthymic subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>, particularly during acute episodes, is associated with increased self\u2010reported verbal and physical aggression, anger, and hostility. These results provide further evidence of the need for treatments to prevent mood recurrences and prompt treatment of acute mood episodes in subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,23]],"date-time":"2013-12-23T07:28:42Z","timestamp":1387783722000},"page":"262-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Prospective longitudinal course of aggression among adults with bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Ballester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Toronto ON 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