{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:07:44Z","timestamp":1759529264808},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relatively little is known about the temporal relationship between alcohol use and subsequent mood changes in patients with bipolar disorder, and the available findings are inconsistent. The present study was a fine\u2010grained analysis of the temporal relationship between alcohol use and short\u2010term mood\u2010switching probabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 137 patients with bipolar disorder who performed daily self\u2010ratings of their mood symptoms and the number of alcohol units consumed for a period of up to 52\u00a0weeks by using the National Institute of Mental Health self\u2010rated prospective Life Chart Method. At baseline, the Structured Clinical Interview for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> was administered and demographic, social, and clinical characteristics were obtained. Multi\u2010state models were used to assess the impact of the number of alcoholic drinks on patients' transition through different states of mood (depression, euthymia, and mania).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of alcohol use on the change in mood states was limited. For women in a depressive state, higher alcohol use was associated with a shorter time before entering the euthymic state [hazard ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a01.18, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1.03\u20131.36, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05], whereas, for men in an euthymic state, higher alcohol use was associated with a longer time before entering a manic state (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.81, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.71\u20130.92, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The correlation between the consumed number of drinks per week and the average mood severity score of the following week was \u22120.01 (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), indicating that only 0.01% of the variance in mood severity in this population is explained by alcohol use. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study, using a fine\u2010grained analysis, suggests that alcohol use does not have a direct effect on the course of bipolar disorder in patients using mood stabilizers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T05:56:54Z","timestamp":1395899814000},"page":"400-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of alcohol use on the course of bipolar disorder: one\u2010year follow\u2010up study using the daily prospective Life Chart method"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"van Zaane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry EMGO Institute VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter 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