{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:33:37Z","timestamp":1791916417125,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both patients with pediatric bipolar disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>) and unaffected youth at familial risk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>) for the illness show impairments in face emotion labeling. Few studies, however, have examined brain regions engaged in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth when processing emotional faces. Moreover, studies have yet to explore neural responsiveness to subtle changes in face emotion in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010four unrelated youth, including 20 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>, 15 unaffected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth, and 29 healthy comparisons (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>), completed functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neutral faces were morphed with angry or happy faces in 25% intervals. In specific phases of the task, youth alternatively made explicit (hostility) or implicit (nose width) ratings of the faces. The slope of blood oxygenated level\u2010dependent activity was calculated across neutral to angry and neutral to happy face stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Behaviorally, both subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.001) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth (p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) rated faces as less hostile relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>. Consistent with this, in response to increasing anger on the face, patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth showed decreased modulation in the amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFG<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> BA<\/jats:styled-content> 46) compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> (all p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05). Amygdala dysfunction was present across both implicit and explicit rating conditions, but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFG<\/jats:styled-content> modulation deficits were specific to the explicit condition. With increasing happiness, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth showed aberrant modulation in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFG<\/jats:styled-content>, which was also sensitive to task demands (all p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreased amygdala and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFG<\/jats:styled-content> modulation in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth may be pathophysiological risk markers for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>, and may underlie the social cognition and face emotion labeling deficits observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> youth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1394625382000},"page":"756-763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Parametric modulation of neural activity during face emotion processing in unaffected youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Melissa A","family":"Brotman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emotion and Development Branch Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen M","family":"Deveney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emotion and Development Branch Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD"},{"name":"Department of Psychology 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