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However, its characteristics in manic states have not been well understood. Thus, we compared prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a cognitive task between hypomanic and depressive states in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>. We then longitudinally compared hypomanic and subsequent euthymic states.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prefrontal function of 27 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> (11 hypomanic and 16 depressed) and 12 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>s) was evaluated using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content>) during a verbal fluency task (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFT<\/jats:styled-content>). Hypomanic symptoms were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale. Among the 11 hypomanic patients, eight participated in the second <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content> measurement after their hypomanic symptoms resolved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFT<\/jats:styled-content> performance did not differ among hypomanic, depressed, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> groups. Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> groups exhibited significantly lower activation during the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFT<\/jats:styled-content> than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>s in the broader bilateral prefrontal cortex. Hemodynamic changes in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>) in the hypomanic patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly larger than those in the depressed patients. In addition, hypomanic symptom severity was positively correlated with activation in the left <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content> and frontopolar cortex in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>. Follow\u2010up measurement of the hypomanic patients revealed that prefrontal activation was decreased after hypomanic symptoms resolved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combining cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal assessments, the present results suggest that prefrontal hemodynamic responses associated with cognitive activation differ between hypomanic and depressive states in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content> measurement could be a useful tool for objectively evaluating state\u2010dependent characteristics of prefrontal hemodynamics in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T23:34:03Z","timestamp":1409873643000},"page":"172-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Dorsolateral prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a verbal fluency task in hypomanic bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yukika","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital Setagaya\u2010ku Tokyo"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyoshi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital Setagaya\u2010ku 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