{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:15:54Z","timestamp":1791357354477,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>An important side effect of lithium therapy is an influence on thyroid function. It is unclear whether there is a significant association between thyroid function and duration of lithium administration. The aim of the present cross\u2010sectional study was to measure levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies in patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium for more than ten\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was performed in 66 patients (21 males, 45 females) with bipolar mood disorder, receiving lithium for 10\u201344 (21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09; mean \u00b1 standard deviation) years. Thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT3), and free triiodothyronine (fT4) were measured by the microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies, and TSH receptor (TSH\u2010R) antibodies were measured by the radioimmunoassay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some features of hypothyroidism were found in ten (22%) female patients (seven received levothyroxine and three had increased TSH). No abnormality in thyroid hormones was found in male patients. A significant percentage of patients had abnormally high levels of anti\u2010TPO, and anti\u2010TG antibodies, which correlated with TSH and fT3 concentrations. There were no differences in thyroid function between patients receiving lithium for 10\u201320\u00a0years and those taking the drug for more than 20\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results confirm the greater susceptibility of female subjects for disturbances of thyroid hormones during lithium therapy, with one\u2010fifth of them showing some features of hypothyroidism. Abnormally high levels of anti\u2010TPO and anti\u2010TG antibodies were shown in a significant proportion of patients. However, in contrast to the effect of lithium on kidney function, our results do not show an association between the duration of lithium therapy and thyroid dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T08:31:10Z","timestamp":1414744270000},"page":"375-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A cross\u2010sectional study of thyroid function in 66 patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium for 10\u201344\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kraszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chlopocka\u2010Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan 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