{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:22:39Z","timestamp":1789924959268,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009670","name":"NARSAD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Independent Investigator to CAZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Independent Investigator to CAZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Intramural Research Program to CAZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intramural Research Program to CAZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patents with anxious bipolar disorder have worse clinical outcomes and are harder to treat with traditional medication regimens compared to those with non\u2010anxious bipolar disorder. Ketamine has been shown to rapidly and robustly decrease symptoms of depression in depressed patients with bipolar disorder. We sought to determine whether baseline anxiety status reduced ketamine's ability to decrease symptoms of depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six patients with anxious (n\u00a0=\u00a021) and non\u2010anxious (n\u00a0=\u00a015) treatment\u2010resistant bipolar depression (types I and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>; concurrently treated with either lithium or valproate) received a single infusion of ketamine (0.5\u00a0mg\/kg) over 40\u00a0min. <jats:italic>Post\u2010hoc<\/jats:italic> analyses compared changes in the Montgomery\u2013\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MADRS<\/jats:styled-content>) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDRS<\/jats:styled-content>) in anxious versus non\u2010anxious depressed patients with bipolar disorder through 14\u00a0days post\u2010infusion. Anxious bipolar depression was defined as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> bipolar depression plus a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDRS<\/jats:styled-content> Anxiety\/Somatization Factor score of \u2265 7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A linear mixed model revealed a significant effect of anxiety group on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MADRS<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDRS<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0=\u00a00.04). Significant drug effects (all p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) suggested that both anxious and non\u2010anxious groups had an antidepressant response to ketamine. The drug\u2010by\u2010anxiety interactions were not significant (all p\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.28).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both anxious and non\u2010anxious patients with bipolar depression had significant antidepressant responses to ketamine, although the anxious depressed group did not show a clear antidepressant response disadvantage over the non\u2010anxious group. Given that anxiety has been shown to be a predictor of poor treatment response in bipolar depression when traditional treatments are used, our findings suggest a need for further investigations into ketamine's novel role in the treatment of anxious bipolar depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T15:38:15Z","timestamp":1415979495000},"page":"438-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["A single infusion of ketamine improves depression scores in patients with anxious bipolar depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dawn F","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Depression Clinical and Research Program Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Luckenbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Niciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica M","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos A","family":"Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-008-9071-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.6.956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90118-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m08297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S63779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05327blu"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I)","author":"First MB","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Factor analysis of Hamilton Depression Scale","volume":"1","author":"Cleary P","year":"1977","journal-title":"Drugs Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Task Force on DSM\u2010IV. 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