{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:48:15Z","timestamp":1782784095773,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several recent studies have suggested that the physiopathology of bipolar disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>) is related to immune system alterations and inflammation. Lithium (Li) is a mood stabilizer that is considered the first\u2010line treatment for this mood disorder. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of Li administration on behavior and cytokine levels [interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1)] in the periphery and brains of rats subjected to an animal model of mania induced by amphetamine (d\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPH<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Wistar rats were treated with d\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPH<\/jats:styled-content> or saline (Sal) for 14\u00a0days; on Day 8 of treatment, the rats were administered Li or Sal for the final seven days. Cytokine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) levels were evaluated in the cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>), serum, frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study showed that d\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPH<\/jats:styled-content> induced hyperactivity in rats (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and Li treatment reversed this behavioral alteration (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In addition, d\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPH<\/jats:styled-content> increased the levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 in the frontal cortex (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), striatum (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and serum (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and treatment with Li reversed these cytokine alterations (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Li modulates peripheral and cerebral cytokine production in an animal model of mania induced by d\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPH<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that its action on the inflammatory system may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T10:11:50Z","timestamp":1430388710000},"page":"507-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Lithium modulates the production of peripheral and cerebral cytokines in an animal model of mania induced by dextroamphetamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Samira S","family":"Valvassori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neuroci\u00eancias Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Unidade Acad\u00eamica de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula T","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neuroci\u00eancias Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da 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