{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:19:59Z","timestamp":1790968799724,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007201","name":"Utah Science Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007201","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH058681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH058681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21MH081076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MH081076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to measure brain phosphorus\u201031 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>) metabolite levels and the creatine kinase reaction forward rate constant (k<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub>) in subjects with bipolar disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects with bipolar euthymia (n\u00a0=\u00a014) or depression (n\u00a0=\u00a011) were recruited. Healthy comparison subjects (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>) (n\u00a0=\u00a023) were recruited and matched to subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> on age, gender, and educational level. All studies were performed on a 3\u2010Tesla clinical magnetic resonance imaging system using a <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\/<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H double\u2010tuned volume head coil. <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P spectra were acquired without <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010decoupling using magnetization\u2010transfer image\u2010selected <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> spectroscopy. Metabolite ratios from a brain region that includes the frontal lobe, corpus callosum, thalamus, and occipital lobe are expressed as a percentage of the total phosphorus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TP<\/jats:styled-content>) signal. Brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> was also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beta\u2010nucleoside\u2010triphosphate (\u03b2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTP<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TP<\/jats:styled-content>) in subjects with bipolar depression was positively correlated with k<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> (p\u00a0=\u00a00.039, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.39); similar correlations were not observed in bipolar euthymia or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>. In addition, no differences in k<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> and brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> were observed among the three diagnostic groups. A decrease in the ratio of phosphomonoesters to phosphodiesters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PME<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDE<\/jats:styled-content>) was observed in subjects with bipolar depression relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u00a0=\u00a00.032). We also observed a trend toward an inverse correlation in bipolar depression characterized by decreased phosphocreatine and increased depression severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our sample, k<jats:sub>f<\/jats:sub> was not altered in the euthymic or depressed mood state in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>. However, decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PME<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDE<\/jats:styled-content> in subjects with bipolar depression was consistent with differences in membrane turnover. These data provide preliminary support for alterations in phospholipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in bipolar depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T12:19:15Z","timestamp":1445257155000},"page":"743-752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Decreased brain <scp>PME<\/scp>\/<scp>PDE<\/scp> ratio in bipolar disorder: a preliminary <sup>31<\/sup>P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xian\u2010Feng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Hoon","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen K","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren N","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L","family":"Hellem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah S","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong\u2010Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Imaging Center McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Belmont MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Kee","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Korea University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perry F","family":"Renshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"VISN 19 MIRECC Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas G","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Institute Salt Lake City UT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60989-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90116-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2007.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003347X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2005.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Brain isoforms of creatine kinase in health and mental diseases: Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Burbaeva G","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2810021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Downregulation in components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with bipolar disorder","volume":"31","author":"Sun X","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988712436688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3350313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060050054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(01)00082-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(91)90064-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90099-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9629(97)00046-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.6.915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(14)70005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID\u2010I\/P)","author":"First MB","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1997.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02668096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.6.781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/421719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)00089-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90097-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4927(94)90010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90133-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Lithium\u2010induced modulation of cerebral inositol phosphate metabolism in the rat: a multinuclear magnetic resonance study in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Preece NE","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lithium"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2004.01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.16.3.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2001.tb11122.x","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic acid in treatment\u2010resistant depression associated with symptom remission, structural brain changes and reduced neuronal phospholipid turnover","volume":"55","author":"Puri BK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00884.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00007"}],"container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbdi.12339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bdi.12339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:30:27Z","timestamp":1696293027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bdi.12339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bdi.12339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bdi.12339","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-5647","1399-5618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-5647","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-5618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]}}}