{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:46:45Z","timestamp":1777636005528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006304","name":"Aalborg Universitetshospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A recent alarming finding suggested an increased risk of renal tumors among long\u2010term lithium users. The objectives of the present study were to estimate rates of renal and upper urinary tract tumors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content>), malignant and benign, among individuals exposed to successive prescriptions for lithium, anticonvulsants, and other psychotropic agents used for bipolar disorder, and among unexposed individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a nationwide, population\u2010based longitudinal study including time\u2010specific data from all individuals exposed to lithium (n\u00a0=\u00a024,272) or anticonvulsants (n\u00a0=\u00a0386,255), all individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (n\u00a0=\u00a09,651), and a randomly selected sample of 1,500,000 from the Danish population. The study period was from 1995 to 2012, inclusive. Outcomes were hazard rate ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content> in three groups: (i) combined malignant and benign, (ii) malignant, and (iii) benign. Analyses were adjusted for the number of prescriptions for lithium\/anticonvulsants, antipsychotic agents, antidepressants, and use of all other types of medication; age; gender; employment status; calendar year; and a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continued treatment with lithium was not associated with increased rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content> [adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> malignant or benign: 0.67\u20131.18, p (trend)\u00a0=\u00a00.70; adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> malignant: 0.61\u20131.34, p (trend)\u00a0=\u00a00.90; adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> benign: 0.74\u20131.18, p (trend)\u00a0=\u00a00.70]. Similarly, continued treatment with anticonvulsants was not associated with increased rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content> [adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> malignant or benign: 0.97\u20131.18, p (trend)\u00a0=\u00a00.10; adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> malignant: 0.82\u20131.15, p (trend)\u00a0=\u00a00.80; adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> benign: 0.94\u20131.36, p (trend)\u00a0=\u00a00.20]. The associations were confirmed among the 9,651 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with lithium is not associated with increased rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RUT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T05:06:43Z","timestamp":1446613603000},"page":"805-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Lithium and renal and upper urinary tract tumors \u2013 results from a nationwide population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Center Copenhagen Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Alexander","family":"Gerds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Feldt\u2010Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology University of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per Kragh","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmus W","family":"Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00078-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61828-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2011.00260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"ASN.2015010061","article-title":"Long\u2010term lithium use and risk of renal and upper urinary tract cancers","author":"Potteg\u00e5rd A","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"MaligC.The Civil Registration System in Denmark. 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