{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:07:12Z","timestamp":1792516032088,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004257","name":"Helse Vest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The discovery of the blue lightsensitive retinal photoreceptor responsible for signaling daytime to the brain suggested that light to the circadian system could be inhibited by using blue\u2010blocking orange tinted glasses. Blue\u2010blocking (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content>) glasses are a potential treatment option for bipolar mania. We examined the effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content> glasses in hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder in a manic state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a single\u2010blinded, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>), eligible patients (with bipolar mania; age 18\u201370\u00a0years) were recruited from five clinics in Norway. Patients were assigned to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content> glasses or placebo (clear glasses) from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. for 7\u00a0days, in addition to treatment as usual. Symptoms were assessed daily by use of the Young Mania Rating Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YMRS<\/jats:styled-content>). Motor activity was assessed by actigraphy, and compared to data from a healthy control group. Wearing glasses for one evening\/night qualified for inclusion in the intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From February 2012 to February 2015, 32 patients were enrolled. Eight patients dropped out and one was excluded, resulting in 12 patients in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content> group and 11 patients in the placebo group. The mean decline in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YMRS<\/jats:styled-content> score was 14.1 [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 9.7\u201318.5] in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content> group, and 1.7 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22124.0 to 7.4) in the placebo group, yielding an effect size of 1.86 (Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>). In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content> group, one patient reported headache and two patients experienced easily reversible depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content> shows that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content> glasses are effective and feasible as add\u2010on treatment for bipolar mania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T13:16:38Z","timestamp":1464268598000},"page":"221-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Blue\u2010blocking glasses as additive treatment for mania: a randomized placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tone EG","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Psychiatry Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental Health Care Valen Hospital Fonna Local Health Authority Valen Norway"},{"name":"Moodnet Research Group Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silje","family":"Skrede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorder Research (Norment) The KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole B","family":"Fasmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Psychiatry Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Moodnet Research Group Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"The KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helle","family":"Schoeyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Psychiatry Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Moodnet Research Group Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Leskauskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health Care Haugesund Hospital Fonna Local Health Authority Valen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Bj\u00f8rke\u2010Bertheussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Assmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00f8rge","family":"Hamre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Gr\u00f8nli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Sleep and Performance Research Center Washington State University Spokane Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Psychiatry Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Moodnet Research Group Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2010.00007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Manic Depressive Illness","author":"Goodwin F","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09r05259gre"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"699","volume-title":"Manic\u2010Depressive Illness","author":"Goodwin F","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0606-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500464361"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00542-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00289-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2004.00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3743"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2013.773440"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930\/a000607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini\u2010International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM\u2010IV and ICD\u201010","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan DV","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c2937c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730411401736"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)60060-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.08.002"}],"container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbdi.12390","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bdi.12390","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bdi.12390","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bdi.12390","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T08:59:06Z","timestamp":1696323546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bdi.12390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bdi.12390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bdi.12390","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-5647","1399-5618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-5647","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-5618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}