{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:45:08Z","timestamp":1787013908627,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review examined the safety of mood stabilizers in exposed breastfed infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed was searched for English language reports between 1 January 1995 and 30 August 2015 by using combinations of key words\n                      <jats:italic>breastfeeding<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>lactation<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>postpartum period<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>puerperium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>mood stabilizers<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>lithium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>lamotrigine<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>valproate<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>carbamazepine<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>oxcarbazepine<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Case reports, case series, and prospective or cross\u2010sectional studies including relevant data such as relative infant dose, milk\u2010to\u2010plasma ratio, infant drug plasma levels, and adverse events were identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 26 of 604 relevant reports in PubMed were included in the study. These reports included lamotrigine (122 cases in 12 reports), lithium (26 cases in five reports), carbamazepine (64 cases in five reports), valproate (nine cases in three reports), and oxcarbazepine (two cases in two reports). Of 26 reports, one report included both carbamazepine and valproate. The reports suggest that a considerable amount of lithium and lamotrigine are excreted into breast milk. There is a paucity of data on valproate and oxcarbazepine; however, the infant\/maternal ratio of serum drug concentration seems to be lower in valproate exposure compared to other mood stabilizers. The incidence of adverse events in infants exposed to mood stabilizers is reported to be very low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current data suggest that mood stabilizers can be prescribed without any adverse events in most infants in lactating women. The available reports also suggest a low prevalence rate of laboratory abnormalities including hepatic, kidney, and thyroid functions in the infants. Additional studies examining short\u2010term and especially long\u2010term effects of mood stabilizers on breastfed infants are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T05:17:04Z","timestamp":1465881424000},"page":"325-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Mood stabilizers during breastfeeding: a systematic review of the recent literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Faruk","family":"Uguz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Meram Faculty of Medicine Necmettin Erbakan University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verinder","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology Western University Parkwood Institute  London ON 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