{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1744125981107,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH080097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH080097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH06035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH06035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined differences in treatment outcome between <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fourth Edition<\/jats:italic> (DSM\u2010IV)\u2010defined rapid cycling and average lifetime\u2010defined rapid cycling in subjects with bipolar II disorder. We hypothesized that, compared with the DSM\u2010IV definition, the average lifetime definition of rapid cycling may better identify subjects with a history of more mood lability and a greater likelihood of hypomanic symptom induction during long\u2010term treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects \u226518\u00a0years old with a bipolar II major depressive episode (n=129) were categorized into DSM\u2010IV\u2010 and average lifetime\u2010defined rapid cycling and prospectively treated with either venlafaxine or lithium monotherapy for 12\u00a0weeks. Responders (n=59) received continuation monotherapy for six additional months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>These exploratory analyses found moderate agreement between the two rapid\u2010cycling definitions (\u03ba=0.56). The lifetime definition captured subjects with more chronic courses of bipolar II depression, whereas the DSM\u2010IV definition captured subjects with more acute symptoms of hypomania. There was no difference between rapid\u2010cycling definitions with respect to the response to acute venlafaxine or lithium monotherapy. However, the lifetime definition was slightly superior to the DSM\u2010IV definition in identifying subjects who went on to experience hypomanic symptoms during continuation therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although sample sizes were limited, the findings suggest that the lifetime definition of rapid cycling may identify individuals with a chronic rapid\u2010cycling course and may also be slightly superior to the DSM\u2010IV definition in identifying individuals with hypomania during relapse\u2010prevention therapy. These findings are preliminary in nature and need replication in larger, prospective, bipolar II studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T20:30:14Z","timestamp":1486153814000},"page":"6-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of treatment outcome using two definitions of rapid cycling in subjects with bipolar <scp>II<\/scp> disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jay D","family":"Amsterdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Depression Research Unit Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8882-0243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lorenzo\u2010Luaces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depression Research Unit Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"DeRubeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depression Research Unit Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.104711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31828ea89e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-5618.2003.00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.9.1421","article-title":"Reliability and validity of four alternative definitions of rapid\u2010cycling bipolar disorder","volume":"156","author":"Maj M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07121931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900013912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00321-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n1212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"The Expert Consensus Guidelines for treating depression in bipolar disorder","volume":"59","author":"Frances AJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13020185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2003.01207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856214568219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.120550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.203.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.05.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.169375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800320058007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"401","volume":"1994","author":"Barber N. 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