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Clinical ratings were repeated following 8 weeks of treatment. Patients with Clinical Global Impressions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGI<\/jats:styled-content>) ratings of 1 (\u201cvery much improved\u201d) or 2 (\u201cmuch improved\u201d) were classified as responders. Ten healthy volunteers received baseline and follow\u2010up <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content> examinations. Using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENIGMA<\/jats:styled-content> pipeline, we investigated the relationship between changes in fractional anisotropy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content>) in the cingulum hippocampus (CGH) and clinical response to lithium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients demonstrated significantly lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content> compared to healthy volunteers in the left and right <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGH<\/jats:styled-content> white matter at baseline. Following 4\u00a0weeks of lithium treatment, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content> in the left <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGH<\/jats:styled-content> increased in patients, but no significant changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content> were observed among the untreated healthy volunteers. Lithium responders had a significantly greater increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content> compared to non\u2010responders. Moreover, baseline (pre\u2010treatment) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content> in the left CGH white matter significantly predicted week 8 overall <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGI<\/jats:styled-content> severity score, with post hoc analyses indicating that these effects were evident for both severity of depression and mania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that response to lithium treatment in pediatric bipolar disorder is associated with normalization of white matter microstructure in regions associated with emotion processing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T16:52:38Z","timestamp":1507567958000},"page":"587-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Changes in white matter microstructure predict lithium response in adolescents with bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5943-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Kafantaris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry The Zucker Hillside Hospital of Northwell Health  Glen Oaks NY, USA"},{"name":"Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine  Hempstead NY, USA"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience of The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research of Northwell Health  Manhasset NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Spritzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience of The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research of Northwell Health  Manhasset NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Doshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry The Zucker Hillside Hospital of Northwell Health  Glen Oaks NY, USA"},{"name":"Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine  Hempstead NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ema","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry The Zucker Hillside Hospital of Northwell Health  Glen Oaks NY, USA"},{"name":"Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine  Hempstead NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R","family":"Szeszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James J. 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