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Recently, this technique identified differences in the cerebellum and cerebral white matter of euthymic patients vs healthy controls that were consistent with reduced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in these regions, suggesting an underlying metabolic abnormality. The current study built upon this prior work to investigate brain T1\u03c1 differences across euthymic, depressed, and manic mood states of bipolar disorder.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty participants with bipolar I disorder and 29 healthy control participants matched for age and gender were enrolled. Participants with bipolar disorder were imaged in one or more mood states, yielding 27, 12, and 13 imaging sessions in euthymic, depressed, and manic mood states, respectively. Three\u2010dimensional, whole\u2010brain anatomical images and T1\u03c1 maps were acquired for all participants, enabling voxel\u2010wise evaluation of T1\u03c1 differences between bipolar mood state and healthy control groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All three mood state groups had increased T1\u03c1 relaxation times in the cerebellum compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, the depressed and manic groups had reduced T1\u03c1 relaxation times in and around the basal ganglia compared to the control and euthymic groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study implicated the cerebellum and basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and its mood states, the roles of which are relatively unexplored. These findings motivate further investigation of the underlying cause of the abnormalities, and the potential role of altered metabolic activity in these regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T23:57:38Z","timestamp":1515542258000},"page":"381-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Alterations of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in bipolar disorder mood states detected by quantitative T1\u03c1 mapping"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Casey P","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary E","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess G","family":"Fiedorowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merry","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph J","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent 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