{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:33:10Z","timestamp":1791923590664,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the first time to present a systematic review of observational studies on the efficiency of lithium monotherapy in comparison with other maintenance mood stabilizers in monotherapy and in combination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As part of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) Task Force on Lithium Treatment, we undertook a systematic literature search of non\u2010randomized controlled observational studies on (i) lithium monotherapy vs treatment with another maintenance mood stabilizer in monotherapy and (ii) lithium in combination with other mood stabilizers vs monotherapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In eight out of nine identified studies including a total of &lt; 14\u00a0000 patients, maintenance lithium monotherapy was associated with improved outcome compared with another mood stabilizer in monotherapy, including valproate, lamotrigine, olanzapine, quetiapine, unspecified anticonvulsants, carbamazepine\/lamotrigine, unspecified atypical antipsychotics and unspecified antipsychotics. Among the four identified studies including a total of &gt; 4000 patients comparing maintenance combination therapy with maintenance monotherapy, a few combination therapies were found to be superior to monotherapy in some analyses, but many were not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results show the superiority in real life of lithium monotherapy compared with monotherapy with other maintenance mood stabilizers. The four largest register\u2010based studies largely addressed confounding, but, as ever, residual confounding cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, the observational findings substantially add to the findings from randomized controlled trials, whose designs often limit the validity of comparison between medicines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T00:24:39Z","timestamp":1518567879000},"page":"419-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Effectiveness of maintenance therapy of lithium vs other mood stabilizers in monotherapy and in combinations: a systematic review of evidence from observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department O Psychiatric Center Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem A","family":"Nolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Severus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy M","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust University of Oxford Warneford Hospital  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust University of Oxford Warneford Hospital  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.5.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70314-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-014-0015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.770551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.5.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61828-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00836.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.4.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m06878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05482yel"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"NICE.Bipolar disorder: the assessment and management of bipolar disorder in adults children and young people in primary and secondary care. 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