{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:09:51Z","timestamp":1793725791260,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stadt Graz","award":["A16 - 28180\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A16 - 28180\/2009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n There is evidence that the gut microbiota plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system through the gut\u2013brain axis. The aim of the present study was to analyze gut microbiota composition in bipolar disorder (\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and its relation to inflammation, serum lipids, oxidative stress, tryptophan (TRP)\/kynurenine (KYN) levels, anthropometric measurements and parameters of metabolic syndrome. Further, microbial community differences of individuals with\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared with healthy controls (\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were explored.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this cross\u2010sectional study, we performed 16S\n rRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n gene sequencing of stool samples from 32\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n individuals and 10\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Laboratory parameters included inflammatory markers, serum lipids, KYN, oxidative stress and anthropometric measures. Microbial community analysis and correlation to clinical parameters was performed with\n QIIME<\/jats:styled-content>\n , differential abundance analysis of taxa encompassed linear discriminant analysis effect size (\n LE<\/jats:styled-content>\n fSe).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We found a negative correlation between microbial alpha\u2010diversity and illness duration in\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.408,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.021). Furthermore, we identified bacterial clades associated with inflammatory status, serum lipids, TRP, depressive symptoms, oxidative stress, anthropometrics and metabolic syndrome in individuals with\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n LE<\/jats:styled-content>\n fSe identified the phylum\n Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n (\n LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 4.82,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.007) and the class\n Coriobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n (\n LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 4.75,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.010) as significantly more abundant in\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n when compared with\n HC,<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n (\n LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 4.59,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.018) and\n Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n (\n LDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n = 4.09,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.039) as more abundant in\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n when compared with\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The present findings suggest that causes and\/or consequences of\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n may also lie outside the brain. Exploratory research of the gut microbiota in affective disorders like\n BD<\/jats:styled-content>\n may identify previously unknown underlying causes, and offer new research and therapeutic approaches to mood disorders.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:10:26Z","timestamp":1532650226000},"page":"40-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["A step ahead: Exploring the gut microbiota in inpatients with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Painold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine Medical University of Graz Graz 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