{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:58:49Z","timestamp":1790377129498,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BH135495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BH135495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proton longitudinal relaxation (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) is a quantitative MRI\u2010derived tissue parameter sensitive to myelin, macromolecular, iron and water content. There is some evidence to suggest that cortical T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> is elevated in bipolar disorder and that lithium administration reduces cortical T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. However, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> has not yet been quantified in separate groups containing lithium\u2010treated patients, lithium\u2010na\u00efve patients, and matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium (n\u00a0=\u00a018, BDL) and those on other medications but na\u00efve to lithium (n\u00a0=\u00a020, BDC) underwent quantitative T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping alongside healthy controls (n\u00a0=\u00a018, HC). T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> was compared between groups within the cortex, white matter and subcortical structures using regions of interest (ROI) derived from the Desikan\u2010Killiany atlas. Effect sizes for each ROI were computed for BDC vs BDL groups and Bipolar Disorder vs HC groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant differences in T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> were identified between BDL and BDC groups when corrected for multiple comparisons. Patients with bipolar disorder had significantly higher mean T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in a range of ROIs compared to healthy controls, including bilateral motor, somatosensory and superior temporal regions, subcortical structures and white matter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The higher T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> values observed in the patients with bipolar disorder may reflect abnormal tissue microstructure. Whilst the precise mechanism remains unknown, these findings may have a basis in differences in myelination, macromolecular content, iron and water content between patients and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T06:24:28Z","timestamp":1574403868000},"page":"41-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Quantification of brain proton longitudinal relaxation (T<sub>1<\/sub>) in lithium\u2010treated and lithium\u2010na\u00efve patients with bipolar disorder in comparison to healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0832-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe","family":"Necus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne 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