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These respondents were asked whether treatment was ever helpful and, if so, the number of professionals seen before receiving helpful treatment. Patterns and predictors of treatment helpfulness were examined separately for mania\/hypomania and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>63.1% (mania\/hypomania) and 65.1% (depression) of patients reported ever receiving helpful treatment. However, only 24.5\u201322.5% were helped by the first professional seen, which means that the others needed to persist in help seeking after initial unhelpful treatments in order to find helpful treatment. Projections find only 22.9% (mania\/hypomania) and 43.3% (depression) would persist through a series of unhelpful treatments but that the proportion helped would increase substantially if persistence increased. Few patient\u2010level significant predictors of helpful treatment emerged and none consistently either across the two components (i.e., provider\u2010level helpfulness and persistence after earlier unhelpful treatment) or for both mania\/hypomania and depression. Although prevalence of treatment was higher in high\u2010income than low\/middle\u2010income countries, proportional helpfulness among treated cases was nearly identical in the two groups of countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probability of patients with mania\/hypomania and associated depression obtaining helpful treatment might increase substantially if persistence in help\u2010seeking increased after initially unhelpful treatments, although this could require seeing numerous additional treatment providers. In addition to investigating reasons for initial treatments not being helpful, messages reinforcing the importance of persistence should be emphasized to patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T01:56:11Z","timestamp":1614390971000},"page":"565-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Nierenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith G.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research The Park Centre for Mental Health QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Kazdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6024-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Puac\u2010Polanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel V.","family":"Vigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Tat","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah N.","family":"Ziobrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research Unit IMIM\u2010Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Spain"},{"name":"Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Altwaijri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Section King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Psychiatry Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Bunting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Ulster University Londonderry United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Caldas\u2010de\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u CIBERSAM Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Education King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010yi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health &amp; 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