{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:20:04Z","timestamp":1791357604907,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015138","name":"J. Willard and Alice S. Marriott Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH100125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH100125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019418","name":"NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015539","name":"Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To understand treatment practices for bipolar disorders (BD), this study leveraged the Global Bipolar Cohort collaborative network to investigate pharmacotherapeutic treatment patterns in multiple cohorts of well\u2010characterized individuals with BD in North America, Europe, and Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on pharmacotherapy, demographics, diagnostic subtypes, and comorbidities were provided from each participating cohort. Individual site and regional pooled proportional meta\u2010analyses with generalized linear mixed methods were conducted to identify prescription patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study included 10,351 individuals from North America (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093985), Europe (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093822), and Australia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092544). Overall, participants were predominantly female (60%) with BD\u2010I (60%; vs. BD\u2010II\u2009=\u200933%). Cross\u2010sectionally, mood\u2010stabilizing anticonvulsants (44%), second\u2010generation antipsychotics (42%), and antidepressants (38%) were the most prescribed medications. Lithium was prescribed in 29% of patients, primarily in the Australian (31%) and European (36%) cohorts. First\u2010generation antipsychotics were prescribed in 24% of the European versus 1% in the North American cohort. Antidepressant prescription rates were higher in BD\u2010II (47%) compared to BD\u2010I (35%). Major limitations were significant differences among cohorts based on inclusion\/exclusion criteria, data source, and time\/year of enrollment into cohort.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mood\u2010stabilizing anticonvulsants, second\u2010generation antipsychotics, and antidepressants were the most prescribed medications suggesting prescription patterns that are not necessarily guideline concordant. Significant differences exist in the prescription practices across different geographic regions, especially the underutilization of lithium in the North American cohorts and the higher utilization of first\u2010generation antipsychotics in the European cohorts. There is a need to conduct future longitudinal studies to further explore these differences and their impact on outcomes, and to inform and implement evidence\u2010based guidelines to help improve treatment practices in BD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T22:49:03Z","timestamp":1689720543000},"page":"22-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Patterns of pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder: A\n                    <scp>GBC<\/scp>\n                    survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7062-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balwinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry &amp; Psychology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota 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