{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:44:00Z","timestamp":1747183440332,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disturbed sleep during early childhood predicts social\u2013emotional problems. However, it is not known how various early childhood sleep phenotypes are associated with the development of childhood psychopathology, nor whether these relationships vary as a function of parental psychopathology. We identified sleep phenotypes among preschool youth; examined whether these phenotypes were associated with child and parent factors; and determined if early sleep phenotypes predicted later childhood psychopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring study, parents with bipolar disorder (BD), non\u2010BD psychopathology, and healthy controls reported about themselves and their offspring (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009218) when their children were ages 2\u20135. Offspring and parents were interviewed directly approximately every 2\u2009years from ages 6\u201318. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified latent sleep classes; we compared these classes on offspring demographics, parental sleep variables, and parental diagnoses. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival models estimated hazard of developing any new\u2010onset Axis\u2010I disorders, as well as BD specifically, for each class.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal LCA solution featured four sleep classes, which we characterized as (1) good sleep, (2) wake after sleep onset problems, (3) bedtime problems (e.g., trouble falling asleep, resists going to bed), and (4) poor sleep generally. Good sleepers tended to have significantly less parental psychopathology than the other three classes. Risk of developing new\u2010onset Axis\u2010I disorders was highest among the poor sleep class and lowest among the good sleep class.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preschool sleep phenotypes are an important predictor of the development of psychopathology. Future work is needed to understand the biopsychosocial processes underlying these trajectories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T01:59:59Z","timestamp":1691632799000},"page":"176-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sleep patterns among preschool offspring of parents with and without psychopathology: Association with the development of psychopathology in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3271-9944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Levenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 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