{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:42:14Z","timestamp":1780375334141,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1160472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1160472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1156072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1156072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment of refractory bipolar disorder (BD) is extremely challenging. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) holds promise as an effective treatment intervention. However, we still understand very little about the mechanisms of DBS and its application on BD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to investigate the behavioural and neurochemical effects of ventral tegmental area (VTA) DBS in an animal model of mania induced by methamphetamine (m\u2010amph).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wistar rats were given 14\u2009days of m\u2010amph injections, and on the last day, animals were submitted to 20\u2009min of VTA DBS in two different patterns: intermittent low\u2010frequency stimulation (LFS) or continuous high\u2010frequency stimulation (HFS). Immediately after DBS, manic\u2010like behaviour and nucleus accumbens (NAc) phasic dopamine (DA) release were evaluated in different groups of animals through open\u2010field tests and fast\u2010scan cyclic voltammetry. Levels of NAc dopaminergic markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>M\u2010amph induced hyperlocomotion in the animals and both DBS parameters reversed this alteration. M\u2010amph increased DA reuptake time post\u2010sham compared to baseline levels, and both LFS and HFS were able to block this alteration. LFS was also able to reduce phasic DA release when compared to baseline. LFS was able to increase dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in the NAc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results demonstrate that both VTA LFS and HFS DBS exert anti\u2010manic effects and modulation of DA dynamics in the NAc. More specifically the increase in DA reuptake driven by increased DAT expression may serve as a potential mechanism by which VTA DBS exerts its anti\u2010manic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T07:03:58Z","timestamp":1711955038000},"page":"376-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anti\u2010manic effect of deep brain stimulation of the ventral tegmental area in an animal model of mania induced by methamphetamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Roger B.","family":"Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neuromodulation and Novel Therapeutics Laboratory, Asia Pacific Centre for Neuromodulation Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suelen L.","family":"Boschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Neural Engineering Laboratories Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Applied Computational Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Laboratory Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathanael","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neuromodulation and Novel Therapeutics Laboratory, Asia Pacific Centre for Neuromodulation Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Houghton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neuromodulation and Novel Therapeutics Laboratory, Asia Pacific Centre for Neuromodulation Queensland Brain 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Z.","family":"Kouzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine IMPACT\u2014The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3114-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interventional Psychiatry, McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern 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