{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T20:20:24Z","timestamp":1775506824723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored the potential role of stage\u2010related variables in intervention outcomes in bipolar disorder (BD). Specifically, we aimed to identify which subgroups of individuals were most likely to experience improved quality of life following digitally delivered psychosocial interventions for BD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study involved a secondary analysis of combined data from two randomised control trials (RCTs). Each trial assessed the effectiveness of digitally delivered interventions for improving quality of life, in late\u2010stage (ORBIT RCT) or early\u2010stage (BETTER RCT) BD. Three iterations of cluster analyses were performed, identifying subgroups of individuals based on (i) current phenomenology, (ii) course of illness and (iii) medication response. The resultant subgroups were compared with regard to changes in quality of life pre\u2010post intervention, via repeated measures ANOVAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In each cluster analysis, two clusters were found. The current phenomenology clusters reflected two impairment levels, \u2018moderate impairment\u2019 and \u2018low impairment\u2019. The course of illness clusters reflected \u2018more chronicity\u2019 and \u2018less chronicity\u2019 and the medication response clusters reflected \u2018good medication response\u2019 and \u2018poor medication response\u2019. Differences in changes in quality of life over time were observed between the two current phenomenology clusters and between the medication response clusters, while the course of illness subgroups did not respond differently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are at least two distinct groups of treatment\u2010seeking individuals with established BD, based on illness features with previously established links to different illness stages. Clusters within the current phenomenology and medication response domains demonstrated significantly different trajectories of QoL change over time in the context of our interventions, highlighting potential implications for treatment selection aligned with precision psychiatry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T02:42:51Z","timestamp":1721788971000},"page":"684-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Who benefits from digital interventions for bipolar disorder? 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