{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:20:46Z","timestamp":1778800846039,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To elucidate the differences in associated factors beyond bipolarity between Benazzi's depressive mixed state (DMX), defined as a major depressive episode (MDE) with \u2265\u20093 manic\/hypomanic symptoms, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition criteria for mixed features (DSM\u20105\u2010DMX), defined as an MDE with \u2265\u20093 non\u2010overlapping manic\/hypomanic symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The associations of DMX definitions with bipolarity, anxious distress (ANXD), autism spectrum disorder, attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder, and older age were retrospectively examined in 160 patients with MDEs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benazzi's DMX and DSM\u20105\u2010DMX were identified in 48.8% and 1.9% of participants, respectively. Bipolar disorder (BD) and ANXD diagnoses were independently associated with Benazzi's DMX (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 3.70 [1.79\u20137.67], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, and 6.14 [2.96\u201312.76], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). Benazzi's DMX was also associated with several features of poor prognosis and psychiatric adverse events related to antidepressant treatment. As the low frequency of DSM\u20105\u2010DMX did not allow for its statistical analysis, a post hoc analysis of an MDE with \u2265\u20092 non\u2010overlapping symptoms, accounting for 19.4% of participants, was performed. Similar to Benazzi's DMX, BD and ANXD diagnoses were independently associated with this definition of DMX. Moreover, the odds ratio of BD diagnosis was higher than that of ANXD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benazzi's DMX was independently associated with bipolarity and ANXD, and was also associated with poor prognosis. Exclusively defined DMX, such as DSM\u20105\u2010DMX, may be more specifically associated with bipolarity; however, its sensitivity for predicting bipolarity is low for clinical practice. Further studies are required to validate these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.70016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T05:46:34Z","timestamp":1740548794000},"page":"144-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["What Is the Depressive Mixed State?\u2014Associated Factors Beyond Bipolarity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1862-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Shibata Hospital  Takaoka City Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital  Takaoka City Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Psychiatrie. 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