{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T10:15:51Z","timestamp":1769768151261,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013802","name":"Mental Health Research Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bipolar disorder (BD), characterized by anomalous neurostructural phenotypes, is also strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. Here we examined polygenic risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in relation to gray matter structure in youth BD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Youth participants (mean age 17.1\u2009years;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200966 BD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945 healthy controls [HC]) underwent T1\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging. CAD polygenic risk scores (CAD\u2010PRS) were calculated using independent, adult genome\u2010wide summary statistics. Covariate\u2010adjusted vertex\u2010wise analyses examined the association of CAD\u2010PRS with cortical volume, thickness, and surface area (SA) in the overall sample, and within BD and HC groups. Additional region\u2010of\u2010interest (ROI) analyses were conducted to examine the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, and hippocampus. Exploratory sex\u2010stratified analyses were also undertaken.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the overall sample, higher CAD\u2010PRS was associated with lower right inferior temporal gyrus volume (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.32,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). There were also negative associations between CAD\u2010PRS and brain structure within BD (5 cortical thickness clusters) and HC (1 SA cluster). Within the BD group, sex\u2010stratified analyses revealed significant findings for females, but not for males. ROI analyses revealed a nominal association of higher CAD\u2010PRS with lower ACC thickness in the BD group (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>uncorrected<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>corrected<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher CAD\u2010PRS was associated with lower regional gray matter structure in youth, in regions implicated in BD. Findings were more pronounced in the BD group, particularly among females, and related to cortical thickness specifically. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the association of CAD\u2010PRS with neurodevelopmental changes over time and to discern mechanisms underlying the observed findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T06:53:52Z","timestamp":1758783232000},"page":"557-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neurostructural Correlates of Polygenic Risk for Coronary Artery Disease in Relation to Youth Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4047-2542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nidhi P.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clement C.","family":"Zai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4510-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kody G.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Mio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Trevor","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"MacIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Sandra E Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Computational Radiology &amp; Artificial Intelligence Unit, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin I.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093955"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00742-5"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Polygenic Risk Scores for Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"146","author":"O'Sullivan J. 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