{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:34:24Z","timestamp":1790343264492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It remains unclear to what extent long\u2010term lithium use leads to significant eGFR decline. This study examines the course of eGFR in a 10\u2010year prospective cohort of lithium users and the association with duration of lithium use, lithium serum concentration, and comedication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 10\u2010year prospective cohort study included patients using lithium at inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for lithium concentration, eGFR, discontinuation of lithium, and other medication use. Primary outcome was a description of eGFR decline, quantified as delta eGFR per year of follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total 196 patients were analyzed (42% male, mean age 51.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912.2, median follow\u2010up time 8.8\u2009years [IQR 1.3]). Median yearly decline was 0.79 mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Of the participants, 48% had a yearly decline between 0.5 and 2.5 mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , while 11% showed a decline &gt;\u20092.5 mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Duration of lithium use was associated with eGFR decline. A positive association between lithium serum concentration and kidney function decline was shown, when corrected for age, sex and duration of lithium use. Comedication was not associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      decline. In the participants who discontinued lithium (20%) during follow up, there was no significant difference in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      before and after cessation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides further evidence that eGFR decline occurs in most long\u2010term lithium users. Of this cohort, 59% of the participants had faster eGFR decline than the mean decline in the general population. Lithium exposure, quantified as mean serum lithium concentration, could be a contributing factor in this decline. eGFR trajectory was not altered by ceasing lithium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T08:57:33Z","timestamp":1771318653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Significant Decline of Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Majority of Long\u2010Term Lithium Users: Results of a Dutch Prospective 10\u2010Year Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0062-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. J.","family":"van der Aa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit Department of Psychiatry  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Mental Health  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis  's\u2010Hertogenbosch the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis  's\u2010Hertogenbosch the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Radboudumc Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Zittema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit Department of Psychiatry  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep &amp; Stress  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Doornebal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Isala  Zwolle the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. G. T. M.","family":"Hartong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Bisseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Jeroen Bosch Academy Research  's\u2010Hertogenbosch the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U. M. H.","family":"Klumpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit Department of Psychiatry  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep &amp; Stress  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. P. M.","family":"Kerckhoffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis  's\u2010Hertogenbosch the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis  's\u2010Hertogenbosch the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"Kupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit Department of Psychiatry  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Mental Health  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4375-7236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Nijenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Radboudumc Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61516-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109104930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3841"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Renal concentrating ability and glomerular filtration rate in lithium\u2010treated patients","volume":"77","author":"Doornebal J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Assessment and Management","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0","author":"IBM Corp","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11290821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06870909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-023-00319-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00316-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00265-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-017-0096-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120936541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01964-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199803)13:3<164::AID-GPS749>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61842-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.22056"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","article-title":"Association of Lithium Use and a Higher Serum Concentration of Lithium With the Risk of Declining Renal Function in Older Adults: A Population\u2010Based Cohort Study","volume":"81","author":"Rej S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0068-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-018-0120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00096.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","article-title":"Search for Surrogate Markers to Predict End Stage Kidney Disease in Long Term Lithium Users","volume":"13","author":"Aa M. 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