{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T08:04:47Z","timestamp":1781078687885,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/00432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/00432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n There is a need for ecologically valid measures of real\u2010life cognitive functioning. We investigated: (I) the sensitivity of the Cognition Assessment in Virtual Reality (CAVIR) test, which assesses daily\u2010life cognitive skills in an immersive virtual reality kitchen scenario, to capture cognitive impairments in a Spanish sample of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls (HCs); (II) the convergent validity of CAVIR against standard neuropsychological tests and functional measures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with BD in full\/partial remission (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200940) and HCs (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200940) completed the CAVIR\u2013Spanish version and standard neuropsychological tests; the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRDS\u201017), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Functioning Assessment Short\u2010Test (FAST) and the Brief University of California Performance\u2010based Skills Assessment (UPSA\u2010B). Between\u2010group comparisons of CAVIR global and subtask scores were conducted, together with correlation and linear regression analyses adjusting for age and mood symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n CAVIR was sensitive to cognitive impairments in BD, with patients showing poorer performance than HCs on CAVIR global composite (BD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.09, 95% CI [\u22121.44, 0.74] vs. HCs\u2009=\u2009\u22120.19, 95% CI [\u22120.53, 0.15]) (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (1,72)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20099.52,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003, \u2009=\u20090.12) and subtasks of sustained attention (BD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.25, 95% CI [\u22121.83, \u22120.70] vs. HCs\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14, 95% CI [\u22120.66, 0.37]) (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (1,69)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20096.12,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.016, \u2009=\u20090.08), processing speed (BD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.64, 95% CI [\u22122.11, \u22121.18] vs. HCs\u2009=\u2009\u22120.20, 95% CI [\u22120.66, 0.25]) (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (1,68)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200913.67,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, \u2009=\u20090.17) and working memory (BD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.91, 95% CI [\u22121.42, \u22120.41] vs. HCs\u2009=\u20090.05, 95% CI [\u22120.42, 0.52]) (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n (1,71)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20095.50,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.022, \u2009=\u20090.07). The global CAVIR composite and subtasks scores were associated with standard global neurocognitive composite and domains, respectively (\n \u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.50\u20130.74,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). The global CAVIR and all subtasks scores were associated with both observed\/interview\u2010based (FAST;\n \u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.29 to \u22120.55,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and performance\u2010based (UPSA\u2010B;\n \u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.29\u20130.49,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) functional outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The CAVIR\u2010Spanish version is a sensitive and valid instrument for measuring real\u2010life cognitive skills in BD and may be implemented in clinical settings and treatment trials targeting cognition following further studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:50:26Z","timestamp":1779969026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognition Assessment in Virtual Reality (\n CAVIR<\/scp>\n )\u2014Spanish Version: Validation of a Novel Virtual Reality Test for Daily\u2010Life Cognitive Skills in Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia E.","family":"Fares\u2010Otero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB) Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brisa","family":"Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB) Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas Elleby","family":"Jespersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen 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