{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:58:03Z","timestamp":1790837883070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/P000630\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/P000630\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a complex and often chronic mood disorder that can cause significant distress and disruption to everyday life. The condition often requires lifelong treatment and self\u2010management. Caffeine is a lifestyle behaviour that could be useful in self\u2010management alongside traditional treatments, but further research is needed to explore the relationship between this lifestyle behaviour and its potential significance on affective state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals with BD (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) took part in qualitative semi\u2010structured interviews, engaging in discussion about their personal experiences of caffeine consumption in relation to BD mood symptoms. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis revealed the superordinate theme \u2018it's a balancing act\u2019 was present in the majority of the transcripts, describing the caffeine\u2010bipolar relationship. This superordinate theme comprised themes specifically linked to lower mood states, \u2018little helper\u2019 and \u2018nothing works\u2019 and others linked to higher mood states \u2018increased manic\u2010ness\u2019 and \u2018can't recall\/concentrate\u2019, in addition to themes around habitual caffeine consumption \u2018habit\/routine\u2019 and planned use of caffeine \u2018strategic routine\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The complexities of the caffeine\u2010bipolar relationship are highlighted. Participants indicated that caffeine requires a very delicate balancing act, having the potential to be both helpful and harmful. Findings emphasise the importance of increasing knowledge surrounding caffeine use for both patients with BD and clinical professionals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.70171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:21:34Z","timestamp":1790835694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018It's a Balancing Act\u2019: A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Caffeine Use in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9870-9699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sammy","family":"Eden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4614-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Sibsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading, Whiteknights  Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier T.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health, Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism University of Bath  Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Exeter, Washington Singer Labs  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492595311","volume-title":"Caffeine for Sports Performance","author":"Burke L. 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