{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T23:18:17Z","timestamp":1771975097948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to bring a novel approach to the discussion of unfair advantages in sport by looking for a local criterion of fairness instead of a universal criterion. A local criterion of fairness would not solve the general dispute over what counts as an unfair advantage, but it would be beneficial in evaluating specific cases and could guide further discussion about them. We seek a local criterion of fairness by comparing the specific property advantages of Caster Semenya and Eero M\u00e4ntyranta. South African Semenya is a middle\u2010distance runner whose right to compete in the female category has been challenged owing to her assumed difference of sex development and related high level of testosterone. Finnish M\u00e4ntyranta was a cross\u2010country skier with an exceptionally high haematocrit level. We examine whether there is a relevant difference between their advantages that would justify treating the athletes differently. We propose that the criterion \u2018not attainable by other athletes in the same category\u2019 could stand as a local criterion of fairness under certain conditions. However, its proper application requires further discussion on how to justify categories in sport.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T06:37:06Z","timestamp":1605249426000},"page":"262-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A local criterion of fairness in sport: Comparing the property advantages of Caster Semenya and Eero M\u00e4ntyranta with implications for the construction of categories in sport"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4135-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Camporesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turku Department of Philosophy, Contemporary History and Political Science Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"container-title":["Bioethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bioe.12827","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bioe.12827","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bioe.12827","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T10:44:55Z","timestamp":1693392295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bioe.12827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bioe.12827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bioe.12827","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9702","1467-8519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9702","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-8519","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}