{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:27:59Z","timestamp":1788456479971,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Critics of human genetic engineering warn that if ever put into practice, this will diminish human diversity, especially regarding skin color. Nonetheless, given the solid and shameful causal link between skin color and discrimination, the provocative question is whether to manipulate this feature and create children whose stereotype\u2010aligning features\u00a0reduce the risk of evoking hostility in the social environment. To address this possibility, we analyzed data from an interactive exhibit in a German museum that partly addresses these questions. Visitors could manipulate randomized features of a virtual child\u2014for example, appearance and intelligence\u2014to align them with their notion of a \u201cperfect child.\u201d Analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913,641 virtual children showed an apparent effect on aligning skin color with a Caucasian type. This was true for extreme light and dark, randomly assigned initial skin colors, but stronger for the latter. This preference could reflect the attempt to align the hypothetical child's skin color with the creating visitors. We also analyzed the chosen skin\u2010color\u2010dependent distribution of designed intelligence based on previous findings showing that high intelligence is less desirable for Black than White persons. We revealed that virtual children with a chosen darker skin color were designed with relatively lower intelligence and a larger proportion of maximized and minimized values. Although most effects were small, they might indicate racial prejudices and\/or the attempt to design virtual children with high alignment with normative stereotypes. Our findings provide an important starting point to empirically inform the critical and timely debate about human genetic engineering.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T19:44:02Z","timestamp":1750880642000},"page":"94-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Hypothetical Impact of Genetic Engineering on Ethnicity: An Analysis of a Large\u2010Scale Data Set Retrieved From a Museal Setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7935-727X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas A.","family":"D\u00f6bler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for General Psychology and Methodology University of Bamberg Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"Research group EP\u00c6G (Ergonomics, Psychological \u00c6sthetics, Gestalt) Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"Bamberg Graduate School of Affective and Cognitive Sciences (BaGrACS) Bamberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-8591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Pastukhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for General Psychology and Methodology University of Bamberg Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"Research group EP\u00c6G (Ergonomics, Psychological \u00c6sthetics, Gestalt) Bamberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-9347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus\u2010Christian","family":"Carbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for General Psychology and Methodology University of Bamberg Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"Research group EP\u00c6G (Ergonomics, Psychological \u00c6sthetics, Gestalt) Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"Bamberg Graduate School of Affective and Cognitive Sciences (BaGrACS) Bamberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"M. AAikins T.Bremberger K.Joshua D.Gyamerah andD.Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2010Caliman \u201cAfrozensus 2020: Perspektiven Anti\u2010Schwarze Rassismuserfahrungen und Engagement Schwarzer afrikanischer und afrodiasporischer Menschen in Deutschland Berlin [Afrocensus 2020: Perspectives Anti\u2010Black Experiences of Racism and the Commitment of Black African and Afro\u2010Diasporic People in Germany Berlin] \u201d 2021 https:\/\/afrozensus.de\/reports\/2020\/#main."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15195\/v6.a18"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03616843231187851"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394286-9.00004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1042258717728028"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.04.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.1.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022381613000972"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","unstructured":"A.AnejaandC. F.Avenancio\u2010Leon \u201cThe Effect of Political Power on Labor Market Inequality: Evidence From the 1965 Voting Rights Act \u201d Washington Center for Equitable Growth 2020 https:\/\/equitablegrowth.org\/working-papers\/the-effect-of-political-power-on-labor-market-inequality-evidence-from-the-1965-voting-rights-act\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12124-023-09797-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2019.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199587810.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1258096"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2020.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166219"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08636-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8519.00251"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2006.018184"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-5354-3-3-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-021-00294-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011719"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034747"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167200262001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10463283.2016.1201893"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:INQU.0000019037.67783.d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104748"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","volume-title":"The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life","author":"Herrnstein R. J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","volume-title":"Deutschland schafft sich ab: wie wir unser Land aufs Spiel setzen [Germany Abolishes Itself: How We're Putting Our Country in Jeopardy] (10. Aufl)","author":"Sarrazin T.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecosta.2021.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","volume-title":"A Guide to Modeling Proportions With Bayesian Beta and Zero\u2010Inflated Beta Regression Models","author":"Heiss A.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Heiss \u201cVisualizing the Differences Between Bayesian Posterior Predictions Linear Predictions and the Expectation of Posterior Predictions \u201d September 26 2022 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59350\/xge39-emt86.","DOI":"10.59350\/egjg9-tk036"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429029608"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2019.1618943"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","unstructured":"DeStatis \u201cBev\u00f6lkerung nach Migrationshintergrund und Geschlecht [Population by migration background and gender] \u201d DeStatis\u2014Statistisches Bundesamt [DeStatis\u2014Federal Statistical Office] 2024 https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Themen\/Gesellschaft-Umwelt\/Bevoelkerung\/Migration-Integration\/Tabellen\/liste-migrationshintergrund-geschlecht.html#116670."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Enhancing Human Traits: Ethical and Social Implications","author":"Little M. O.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8714.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littau \u201cDeutschland schafft sich ab\/Feindliche \u00dcbernahme [Germany Abolishes Itself\/Hostile Takeover] \u201d InSchl\u00fcsseltexte der \u201aNeuen Rechten\u2018 [Key Texts of the \u2018New Right\u2019] ed. D. Meiering (2022) pp.185\u2013198 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-658-36453-3_16.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-36453-3_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/262014"}],"container-title":["Bioethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bioe.70005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:23:51Z","timestamp":1765974231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bioe.70005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bioe.70005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bioe.70005","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9702","1467-8519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9702","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-8519","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}