{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:57:56Z","timestamp":1790434676188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioethics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Marco Annoni argued in Bioethics that neither the specified principlism of Beauchamp's and Childress's\n                    <jats:italic>Principles of Biomedical Ethics<\/jats:italic>\n                    (PBE) nor the 2022 revision of the International Code of Medical Ethics (ICoME) by the World Medical Association can provide a suitable basis for global bioethics. In response, we first show that Annoni's effort to disqualify PBE's specified principlism as a suitable basis for global bioethics fails, primarily because of its faulty assumptions about the nature, dominance, and authority of PBE's specifications of principles, whether for particular decisional contexts or for particular moralities. We then turn to his attempt to discredit the ICoME as a possible basis for global bioethics because of what he views as its \u201clack of political legitimacy,\u201d its \u201cundefined moral foundation,\u201d and its \u201clack of an explicit procedure to solve internal conflicts between its principles.\u201d We present a range of arguments to show that these efforts also fail, leaving both the ICoME and PBE's specified principlism as viable contenders for a suitable basis in global bioethics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.70179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:47:16Z","timestamp":1789987636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Suitable Bases for Global Bioethics: A Critical Response to Marco Annoni"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"James F.","family":"Childress","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia School of Medicine's Center for Health Humanities and Ethics Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7908-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin W.","family":"Parsa\u2010Parsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Medical Association Ferney\u2010Voltaire France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raanan","family":"Gillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Reynolds Building Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urban","family":"Wiesing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Ethics and the History of Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.13434"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_3_1","volume-title":"Principles of Biomedical Ethics","author":"Beauchamp T. L.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_4_1","unstructured":"World Medical Association \u201cThe International Code of Medical Ethics \u201d Published2022 https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-international-code-of-medical-ethics\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/17.5.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_6_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Medical Ethics: Four Principles Plus Attention to Scope","volume":"309","author":"Gillon R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ (London)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/15.2.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0004062022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_11_1","volume-title":"Princeton Encyclopedia of Self\u2010Determination","author":"Hurd I.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_12_1","unstructured":"World Medical Association What is the WMA? accessed December 3 2025 https:\/\/www.wma.net\/who-we-are\/about-us\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_13_1","volume-title":"The Social System","author":"Parsons T.","year":"1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_14_1","unstructured":"United Nations Charter accessed December 3 2025 https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/un-charter\/full-text."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_15_1","unstructured":"United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights accessed December 3 2025 https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme-2023-109027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_17_1","volume-title":"The Right and the Good","author":"Ross W. D.","year":"1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_18_1","volume-title":"The Limits of Morality","author":"Kagan S.","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["Bioethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bioe.70179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bioe.70179","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bioe.70179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:00:12Z","timestamp":1790431212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bioe.70179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bioe.70179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bioe.70179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-9702","1467-8519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-9702","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-8519","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"bioe.70179"}}