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Therefore, understanding the effects of combination ART on mental health can help clinicians personalize medicine with less adverse effects to avoid undesirable health outcomes. The emergence of electronic health records offers researchers' unprecedented access to HIV data including individuals' mental health records, drug prescriptions, and clinical information over time. However, modeling such data is challenging due to high dimensionality of the drug combination space, the individual heterogeneity, and sparseness of the observed drug combinations. To address these challenges, we develop a Bayesian nonparametric approach to learn drug combination effect on mental health in people with HIV adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. The proposed method is built upon the subset\u2010tree kernel that represents drug combinations in a way that synthesizes known regimen structure into a single mathematical representation. It also utilizes a distance\u2010dependent Chinese restaurant process to cluster heterogeneous populations while considering individuals' treatment histories. We evaluate the proposed approach through simulation studies, and apply the method to a dataset from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, showing the clinical utility of our model in guiding clinicians to prescribe informed and effective personalized treatment based on individuals' treatment histories and clinical\u00a0characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.13508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T09:10:00Z","timestamp":1624007400000},"page":"988-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Bayesian nonparametric approach for inferring drug combination effects on mental health in people with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah H.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Georgetown University Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanxun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.9.1013-1019.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199803000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"2461","article-title":"Distance dependent Chinese restaurant processes","volume":"12","author":"Blei D.M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1610-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Chang W. 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