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Of interest is whether, and to what extent, this change in policy modified the preventative effects of the study intervention. To address such questions, we adopt a stratified proportional hazards model for clustered interval-censored data with time-dependent covariates and develop a composite expectation maximization algorithm that facilitates estimation of model parameters without placing parametric assumptions on either the baseline hazard functions or the within-cluster dependence structure. We show that the resulting estimators for the regression parameters are consistent and asymptotically normal. We also propose and provide theoretical justification for the use of the profile composite likelihood function to construct a robust sandwich estimator for the variance. We characterize the finite-sample performance and robustness of these estimators through extensive simulation studies. Finally, we conclude by applying this stratified proportional hazards model to a re-analysis of the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, with the national adoption of a universal test and treat strategy now modeled as a time-dependent covariate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.13787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T10:04:01Z","timestamp":1667210641000},"page":"1670-1685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Marginal Proportional Hazards Models for Clustered Interval-Censored Data with Time-Dependent Covariates"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Statistical and Data Sciences, Smith College , Northampton, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7320-4755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5007-193X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. 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