{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T13:02:48Z","timestamp":1782997368770,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Newborn weight loss (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content>) in the first 3\u00a0days of life is around 6 percent of birthweight (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BW<\/jats:styled-content>). We aim to describe the determinants of an excessive and insufficient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content> in the first 96\u00a0hours of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of 1,288 full\u2010term singletons without congenital abnormality belonging to Generation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XXI<\/jats:styled-content> birth cohort was selected. Newborns were recruited in 2005\u20132006 at all public units providing obstetrical and neonatal care in Porto, Portugal. Information was collected by face\u2010to\u2010face interview and additionally abstracted from clinical records. Anthropometrics were obtained by trained examiners and newborn weight change (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWC<\/jats:styled-content>) was estimated as (weight\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BW<\/jats:styled-content>)\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BW<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100. We categorized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content> as excessive (below 10th percentile of the sample distribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWC<\/jats:styled-content>: \u2264\u22129.4% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BW<\/jats:styled-content>), normal (between 10th and 90th percentiles: \u22129.3 to \u22124.2%) and insufficient (above 90th percentile: \u2265 \u22124.1%). Adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95 percent confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) were calculated using multinomial regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with maternal age \u226540\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.32, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.19\u20139.25), maternal education (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.04, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.00\u20131.09), cesarean delivery (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.42, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.12\u20135.23), and phototherapy\u2010treated jaundice (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.69, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.00\u20132.87). Insufficient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BW<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.68, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.13\u20136.33), and formula\/mixed feeding (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.74, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.13\u20132.66).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with maternal age and education, cesarean delivery, and phototherapy\u2010treated jaundice. Insufficient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content> reflected child's feeding. As breastfed newborns did not lose weight excessively, but newborns with formula\/mixed feeding had insufficient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NWL<\/jats:styled-content>, our study supports that breastfeeding provides excellent nutrition during this period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T08:27:13Z","timestamp":1395044833000},"page":"160-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Determinants of Weight Changes During the First 96 Hours of Life in Full\u2010Term Newborns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health University of Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Severo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health University of Porto Porto 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