{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:59:44Z","timestamp":1776419984263,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010thirds of reproductive\u2010aged women in the United States are overweight or obese and at risk for numerous associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined whether the amount of weight gained during pregnancy modifies the prepregnancy body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2013cesarean delivery association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2,157 women aged 18\u201345 who participated in the 2008\u20132009 North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System had complete information on prepregnancy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, maternal weight gain, and mode of delivery on infant birth certificates. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95 percent confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) to model the association between prepregnancy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and cesarean delivery, and a stratified analysis was conducted to determine whether maternal weight gain was an effect modifier of the prepregnancy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013cesarean delivery association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obese women had 1.78 times the odds of cesarean delivery as compared with women with a normal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.44\u20132.16). When adjusted for race\/ethnicity, live birth order, household income, and education, the association increased in magnitude and remained statistically significant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.01, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.63\u20132.43). In stratified analyses, the obesity\u2013cesarean delivery association persisted and remained statistically significant among all maternal weight gain categories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health care practitioners should stress the importance of achieving a healthy prepregnancy weight and gaining an appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy to reduce the risk of cesarean delivery and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T09:14:45Z","timestamp":1395393285000},"page":"93-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Does Amount of Weight Gain During Pregnancy Modify the Association Between Obesity and Cesarean Section Delivery?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program at Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa R.","family":"Brunner Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Ersek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral program in Epidemiology University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1243304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"IOM (Institute of Medicine).Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines.Washington DC:The National Academies Press. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.azdhs.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Healthy People2010. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.healthypeople.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500073456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00303-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31828aea03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"WilliamsL MorrowB ShulmanH et\u00a0al.PRAMS 2002 surveillance report.Atlanta GA: Division of Reproductive Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2008;57(14):361\u2013366."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.02.005"},{"issue":"51","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2010mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"1986","author":"Baron RM","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"Demont\u2010HeinrichC HansenM Mc CullochA ArcherL.The Association of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Adverse Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes. Accessed August 1 2011. Available athttp:\/\/www.colorado.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00446-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.09.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S1.1181","article-title":"Contribution of excess weight gain during pregnancy and macrosomia to the cesarean delivery rate, 1990\u20132000","volume":"111","author":"Rhodes JC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.1999.780911.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03345.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Associations of the pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcomes in Taiwanese women","volume":"21","author":"Tsai IH","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"905","article-title":"Pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy: A 13\u2010year study of 292,568 cases in China","volume":"286","author":"Liu Y","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).PRAMS data for analysis by state and year. Accessed August 1 2011. Available athttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/prams\/Researchers.htm."}],"container-title":["Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbirt.12095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/birt.12095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:27:01Z","timestamp":1696220821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/birt.12095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/birt.12095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12095","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7659","1523-536X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-536X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}